Causes of AKI with ecstasy
| Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis |
| secondary to hyperpyrexia |
| secondary to extreme exertion |
| secondary to direct toxicity (unknown) |
| Necrotizing vasculitis (rare case reports) |
| Obstructive uropathy secondary to bladder neck obstruction (one case report) |
| Malignant hypertension |
| Proximal tubule dysfunction (one case report) |
| Volume depletion (from sweating, hyperpyrexia) |