Clinical syndromes associated with MDMAa
| CNS |
| acute: hyperactivity, lack of appetite, jaw clenching, dry mouth, increased thirst, restlessness, palpitations, impaired balance, difficulty in concentration, dizziness, drowsiness, nystagmus, hot flashes, muscular tension, weakness, insomnia, confusion, anxiety, tremor |
| serious acute: panic attacks, delirium, psychosis, depression |
| chronic: serotonin depletion, neurotoxicity, chronic psychosis, cognitive defects |
| Cardiovascular |
| hypertension |
| tachycardia |
| tachyarrhythmias |
| sudden death |
| cardiac ischemia |
| cardiomyopathy |
| Gastrointestinal |
| acute hepatotoxicity |
| fulminant hepatic failure |
| Renal |
| AKI |
| hyponatremia |
| Musculoskeletal |
| rhabdomyolysis (may have associated disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
| Endocrine |
| hypoglycemia |
| lower testosterone levels |
| Pulmonary |
| pneumothorax |
| pneumomediastinum |
↵a AKI, acute kidney injury; CNS, central nervous system; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.