Table 1.

Different shock types (84)

Type	Etiology	Mechanism	Example	Preload	Cardiac Output	Systemic Vascular Resistance	Filling Pressure	Management
Hypovolemic	Decreased effective blood volume	Blood loss, body water loss	Exsanguination; internal bleeding; external: diarrhea, excessive sweating; internal: third spacing, capillary leak	↓	↓	↑	↓	Fluid therapy: crystalloids, colloids, blood products
Cardiogenic	Arrhythmia, decreased contractility	Bradyarrhythmia/tachyarrhythmia cardiomyopathy	VT/A-fib with RVR, ischemic CM	↑	↓	↑	↑	Antiarrhythmics, inotropics
Distributive	Vasodilation	Low systemic vascular resistance	Sepsis, anaphylaxis, endocrine: adrenal insufficiency	↓/↔	↑	↓	↓	Fluid therapy, vasopressors, treating underlying source
Obstructive	Circulatory blockage	Internal blockage, external compression	Pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, tumor	↑	↓	↑/↔	↓/↔	Resolution of obstruction

VT, ventricular tachycardia; A-fib, atrial fibrillation; RVR, rapid ventricular response; CM, cardiomyopathy.