Baseline characteristics by ESRD case status
| Characteristic | ESRD Cases | Controls | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 135 | 186 | |
| Age (yr) | 64.9 (5.5) | 64.7 (5.7) | 0.77 |
| Sex, N (%) women | 59 (43.7) | 81 (43.6) | 0.98 |
| Race, N (%) black | 56 (41.5) | 67 (36.0) | 0.32 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 85 (63.0) | 97 (52.2) | 0.05 |
| Fasting blood glucose | 144 (63) | 136 (71) | 0.29 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 58.7 (29.6) | 71.0 (23.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) group, N (%) | 0.002 | ||
| ≤44 | 51 (37.8) | 31 (16.7) | |
| 45–59 | 22 (16.3) | 41 (22.0) | |
| 60–74 | 15 (11.1) | 30 (16.1) | |
| 75–89 | 26 (19.3) | 42 (22.5) | |
| 90–104 | 12 (8.9) | 22 (11.8) | |
| ≥105 | 9 (6.5) | 2 (10.8) | |
| ACR (mg/g), median (interquartile range) | 73 (9–705) | 13 (3–97) | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) group | <0.001 | ||
| <30 | 53 (39.3) | 101 (54.3) | |
| 30–299 | 36 (26.7) | 57 (30.7) | |
| ≥300 | 46 (34.1) | 28 (15.1) | |
| Normalized urinary biomarkers | |||
| L-FABP/Cr | <0.001 | ||
| Undetectable (0 ng/ml) | 33 (24.4) | 60 (32.3) | |
| Below LOD for L-FABP (>0–2.4 ng/ml) | 19 (14.1) | 50 (26.9) | |
| Above LOD and below median detectable (<6.67 ng/mg) | 30 (22.2) | 49 (26.3) | |
| Above LOD and above median detectable (≥6.67 ng/mg) | 53 (39.3) | 27 (14.5) | |
| KIM-1/Cr (pg/mg) | 914 (536–1851) | 665 (381–1047) | <0.001 |
| NAG/Cr (milliunits/mg) | 5.6 (3.1–9.9) | 3.9 (2.5–6.2) | 0.002 |
| NGAL/Cr (ng/mg) | 30.2 (10.7–86.8) | 14.8 (8.5–40.2) | <0.001 |
| Raw urinary biomarkers | |||
| L-FABP | <0.001 | ||
| Undetectable (0 ng/ml) | 33 (24.4) | 60 (32.6) | |
| Below LOD (>0–2.4 ng/ml) | 19 (14.1) | 50 (26.9) | |
| Above LOD and below median detectable (≥2.4 to <7.59 ng/ml) | 31 (23.0) | 48 (25.8) | |
| Above LOD and above median detectable (≥7.59 ng/ml) | 52 (38.5) | 28 (15.0) | |
| KIM-1 (pg/ml) | 821 (365–1542) | 573 (299–1233) | 0.03 |
| NAG (milliunits/ml) | 4.3 (2.3–8.2) | 3.9 (2.1–6.5) | 0.07 |
| NGAL (ng/ml) | 24.6 (8.8–77.9) | 15.1 (7.5–36.0) | 0.001 |
Continuous characteristics are presented as mean (SD) or median (25th–75th percentile). Categorical characteristics are presented as N (%). ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; L-FABP, urinary liver fatty acid binding protein; Cr, indexed to urinary creatinine; LOD, limit of detection; KIM-1, urinary kidney injury molecule 1; NAG, urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; NGAL, urinary neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin.