Table 2.

Changes in biomarker concentrations over 3 years in children and young adults with ADPKD

Marker	Placebo and Pravastatin		Normal Range in  Adults and Children
Marker	Baseline	36 mo	Normal Range in  Adults and Children
Methionine plasma, µM	18.0±9.3	20.7±12.5	33±9 (49)^a
	14.0±6.0	20.2±7.3	32±6 (50)
9-HODE plasma, ng/ml	6.3±2.2	7.1±2.9	2.0±0.5 (51)^a
	7.7±5.9	6.3±2.5
13-HODE plasma, ng/ml	8.3±3.0	11.4±6.3	3.1±0.4 (51)^a
	9.9±6.0	8.8±3.2
8-HETE plasma, pg/ml	130±77	162±139	240±11 (51)^a
	125±78	118±31
11-HETE plasma, pg/ml	304±240	282±260	233±19 (51)^a
	277±169	168±75
12-HETE plasma, ng/ml	3.0±4.3	4.8±9.2	1.4±0.1 (51)^a
	1.9±2.4	1.7±1.2
15-HETE plasma, pg/ml	762±531	930±806	256±70 (51)^a
	847±497	630±181
15-HEPE plasma, pg/ml	57.0±27.9	48.5±22.0	63±6 (51)^a
	73.5±42.8	47.7±15.2
Citrate urine, µM/mmol creatinine	207±172	158±140	203 (49–600) (52)
	156±161	173±203	184 (59–652) (53)
PGF₂_α urine, ng/mmol creatinine	244±208	160±134	106±17 (54)^a
	209±287	186±165
9-HODE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	93.9±56.5	77.0±42.8	30.2±28.8
	101±115	77.9±41.9
13-HODE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	200±342	131±169	61.5±82.5
	169±201	135±146
8-HETE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	20.0±50.8	13.0±17.8	15.2±23.3 (55)
	14.4±14.5	19.3±30.5	16.1±10.9
9-HETE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	21.5±66.1	16.8±15.5	24.1±17.9
	17.7±20.4	21.3±26.9
11-HETE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	14.2±29.9	7.8±6.9	17.4±10.2
	10.9±9.3	11.2±18.5
11-HETE urine, ng/mmol creatinine	690±3158	340±574	50.8±63.1
	301±523	451±739

Biomarker concentrations measured in patients with ADPKD are presented as the mean±SD. Normal ranges of biomarker concentrations in healthy adults and children (where available) were adopted from the literature and are presented as the mean±SD, mean±SEM, or mean (25 percentile to 75 percentile). Normal ranges of urinary HODEs and HETEs were determined in house in the spot urine of 15 healthy adult volunteers (10 men and 5 women, also normalized to creatinine). ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; HODE, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HEPE, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid.
↵a Mean±SEM.