Intention-to-treat Cox proportional hazards model of associations between key covariates and time to all-cause mortality or initiation of dialysis
| Covariate | Univariable Analysis, Derivation Cohort | Parsimonious Multivariable Model, Derivation Cohort | Short Multivariable Model, Derivation Cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (per 10 yr) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.89 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.08 | ||
| Male sex | 1.31 (1.12–1.54) | 0.001 | ||||
| Black (versus other races) | 0.60 (0.49–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | <0.001 | ||
| Hospital location | ||||||
| Surgical service (versus medical service) | 0.68 (0.58–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.41–0.57) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.39–0.53) | <0.001 |
| ICU (versus other hospital location) | 4.82 (4.16–5.57) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.61–2.27) | <0.001 | 3.12 (2.67–3.65) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities (present at admission) | ||||||
| HIV | 0.47 (0.20–1.08) | 0.22 | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 0.37 | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.08 | ||
| Diabetes | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | 0.23 | ||||
| Liver disease | 2.61 (2.22–3.07) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.63–2.27) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.81–2.50) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 0.01 | ||||
| Metastatic solid tumor | 1.78 (1.40–2.26) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.31–2.13) | <0.001 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 1.13 (0.91–1.42) | 0.33 | ||||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1.61 (1.08–2.39) | 0.02 | ||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 0.61 | ||||
| Pulmonary disease | 0.82 (0.59–1.13) | 0.25 | ||||
| Laboratory values | ||||||
| Baseline creatinine (per 0.1 mg/dl) | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | <0.001 | ||||
| Bicarbonate (per mEq/L) | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | <0.001 | ||
| BUN (per 10 mg/dl) | 1.23 (1.21–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | <0.001 | ||
| Change in creatinine from day prior (per 0.1 mg/dl) | 1.08 (1.07–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (per mg/dl) | 1.66 (1.58–1.76) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.17–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.35–1.50) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (per mEq/L) | 1.92 (1.81–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | <0.001 | ||
| Medications | ||||||
| Number of sedatives (per drug) | 1.73 (1.64–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.02 | ||
| Prior aminoglycoside exposure | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.83 | ||||
| Number of antibiotics (per drug) | 1.42 (1.37–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | <0.001 | ||
| Number of pressors (per drug) | 1.98 (1.88–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.24–1.42) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.44–1.61) | <0.001 |
| Paralytic exposure | 4.39 (3.60–5.34) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.30–1.99) | <0.001 | ||
| Thiazide diuretic | 1.35 (1.13–1.61) | 0.002 | ||||
| Other orders | ||||||
| Ventilated | 3.62 (3.17–4.14) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.15–1.56) | <0.001 | ||
n=35,462 patient-days, 3951 patients, and 1031 outcome events. Data censored at 14 days from the onset of AKI or August 31, 2010, whichever came first. Data exclude patient-days after placement of a do not resuscitate order. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.