Baseline characteristics and unadjusted analyses of patients in the derivation and validation cohorts
| Characteristic | Derivation Cohort HUP (n=4263) | Validation PAH (n=758) | Validation PMC (n=1098) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUP versus PAH | HUP versus PMC | ||||
| Male sex | 2366 (55.5) | 332 (43.8) | 561 (51.1) | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Black | 1011 (23.7) | 238 (31.4) | 445 (40.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Surgical service | 2355 (55.2) | 278 (36.7) | 217 (19.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HIV/AIDS | 63 (1.5) | 33 (4.4) | 46 (4.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 408 (9.6) | 144 (19.0) | 135 (12.3) | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1478 (34.7) | 239 (31.5) | 501 (45.6) | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 433 (10.2) | 49 (6.5) | 121 (11.0) | 0.001 | 0.40 |
| Dementia | 22 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) | 31 (2.8) | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1037 (24.3) | 227 (29.9) | 388 (35.3) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hemiplegia | 1112 (2.6) | 19 (2.5) | 22 (2.0) | 0.84 | 0.24 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 399 (9.4) | 89 (11.7) | 65 (5.9) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 538 (12.6) | 109 (14.4) | 219 (19.9) | 0.18 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 847 (19.9) | 102 (13.5) | 140 (12.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 302 (7.1) | 195 (25.7) | 414 (37.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 594 (13.9) | 94 (12.4) | 167 (15.2) | 0.26 | 0.28 |
| Rheumatic disease | 124 (2.9) | 31 (4.1) | 41 (3.7) | 0.08 | 0.16 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 113 (2.7) | 17 (2.2) | 27 (2.5) | 0.52 | 0.72 |
| Age (SD) | 59.1 (16.3) | 64.0 (16.5) | 65.6 (14.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dl (SD) | 0.80 (0.26) | 0.79 (0.26) | 0.84 (0.26) | 0.35 | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay before AKI (d), median (IQR) | 3 (2–8) | 3 (2–7) | 3 (1–6) | 0.26 | <0.001 |
| Onset of AKI to doubling of creatinine (d), median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 | 0.15 |
| Time from AKI to RRT( d), median (IQR)a | 4 (1–9) | 6 (2–9) | 3.5 (1–9) | 0.09 | 0.39 |
Data expressed as n (%) except where noted. HUP, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; PAH, Pennsylvania Hospital; PMC, Presbyterian Medical Center; RRT, renal replacement therapy.
↵a Among patients receiving RRT.