RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with CKD: Results from the CKiD Study JF Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology JO CLIN J AM SOC NEPHROL FD American Society of Nephrology SP 1930 OP 1937 DO 10.2215/CJN.03130312 VO 7 IS 12 A1 Brady, Tammy M. A1 Schneider, Michael F. A1 Flynn, Joseph T. A1 Cox, Christopher A1 Samuels, Joshua A1 Saland, Jeffrey A1 White, Colin T. A1 Furth, Susan A1 Warady, Bradley A. A1 Mitsnefes, Mark YR 2012 UL http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/7/12/1930.abstract AB Background and objectives In adults, increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as assessed by ultrasonography is a valid predictor of cardiovascular events. Children with CKD are known to be at increased cardiovascular risk. This study sought to identify cardiovascular risk factors associated with increased cIMT in children with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurements This was a cross-sectional analysis of cIMT obtained after 12 months of follow-up of 101 children aged 2–18 years with mild to moderate CKD (median GFR 42.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2) in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study enrolled between April 2005 and September 2009 and 97 healthy pediatric controls between January 2003 and December 2008. An average of six standardized B-mode ultrasound measurements constituted the overall cIMT measurement.Results The median cIMT was 0.43 mm (interquartile range, 0.38–0.48) compared with 0.41 mm in healthy controls (P=0.03 for difference). After multivariable adjustment, the median cIMT was 0.02 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.05) larger than that of the healthy controls. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, dyslipidemia and hypertension were associated with 0.05 mm (95% CI, 0.01–0.08) and 0.04 mm (95% CI, 0.003–0.08) greater mean cIMT, respectively. Body mass index, CKD etiology, GFR, birth weight, pubertal status, calcium, phosphorus, sex, and race were not associated with cIMT.Conclusions cIMT is significantly elevated among children with CKD, as is the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Of these risk factors, hypertension and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with increased cIMT.