Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostic Tools in Kidney Disease

Weijun Huang; Xiang-Yang Zhu; Amir Lerman; Lilach O. Lerman

doi:10.2215/CJN.16751221

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles are important vectors for cell-cell communication and show potential value for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. The pathologic diagnosis of kidney diseases relies on kidney biopsy, whereas collection of extracellular vesicles from urine or circulating blood may constitute a less invasive diagnostic tool. In particular, urinary extracellular vesicles released mainly from resident kidney cells might provide an alternative tool for detection of kidney injury. Because extracellular vesicles mirror many features of their parent cells, cargoes of several populations of urinary extracellular vesicles are promising biomarkers for disease processes, like diabetic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and lupus nephritis. Contrarily, extracellular vesicles derived from reparative cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, tubular epithelial progenitor cells, and human umbilical cord blood represent promising regenerative tools for treatment of kidney diseases. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells–derived and engineered extracellular vesicles are being developed for specific applications for the kidney. Nevertheless, some assumptions regarding the specificity and immunogenicity of extracellular vesicles remain to be established. This review focuses on the utility of extracellular vesicles as therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) tools in kidney diseases and future directions for studies.

View Full Text

If you are:

an ASN member, select the "ASN Member" login button.
an individual subscriber, login with you User Name and Password.
an Institutional user, select the Institution option where you will be presented with a list of Shibboleth federations. If you do not see your federation, contact publications@asn-online.org.

Log in through your institution

Purchase access

Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$34.00

In order to get access to the article, you must have an account. If you have an account, enter your user name and password into the boxes above. If you do not have an account, follow the instructions below to create one. Once you have purchased the article, you will have access to it for 24 hours.

Steps for Creating an Account:

Click the "Purchase Access" button. The page will redisplay with the following message at the top of the screen which contains the link to register for an account.

When you create an account, you will be asked for your name, email address and other information. Just like commercial web sites, we do need details from you in order to complete your purchase of an article.

You will then be asked to register a user name, email address and you will need to create a password that is at least eight characters in length. You do not need an ASN Member number to complete the form. As you move through the registration page, you will have to verify you are a person by completing a Captcha request. Lastly, your first and last name will be required.

Once your information is successfully saved, the system will redisplay the home page of the journal. From there, navigate back to the article to purchase. Select the article and at the bottom of the page, use the credentials you just created to login. The article will be added to your shopping cart. You can continue to navigate across JASN and CJASN adding to your cart from both journals. When you are ready to complete your purchse, select the Shopping Cart from the upper right hand corner of the page and follow the onscreen instructions.