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Original ArticlesEpidemiology and Outcomes
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Comparison of Hospitalization Rates among For-Profit and Nonprofit Dialysis Facilities

Lorien S. Dalrymple, Kirsten L. Johansen, Patrick S. Romano, Glenn M. Chertow, Yi Mu, Julie H. Ishida, Barbara Grimes, George A. Kaysen and Danh V. Nguyen
CJASN January 2014, 9 (1) 73-81; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.04200413
Lorien S. Dalrymple
Departments of *Medicine,
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Kirsten L. Johansen
†San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California;
Departments of ‡Medicine and
§United States Renal Data System Special Studies Center, Stanford, California;
‖Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California;
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Patrick S. Romano
Departments of *Medicine,
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Glenn M. Chertow
§United States Renal Data System Special Studies Center, Stanford, California;
¶Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; and
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Yi Mu
**Public Health Sciences, and
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Julie H. Ishida
Departments of ‡Medicine and
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Barbara Grimes
‖Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California;
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George A. Kaysen
Departments of *Medicine,
††Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California;
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Danh V. Nguyen
‡‡Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, California
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Summary

Background and objectives The vast majority of US dialysis facilities are for-profit and profit status has been associated with processes of care and outcomes in patients on dialysis. This study examined whether dialysis facility profit status was associated with the rate of hospitalization in patients starting dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & methods This was a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries starting dialysis between 2005 and 2008 using data from the US Renal Data System. All-cause hospitalization was examined and compared between for-profit and nonprofit dialysis facilities through 2009 using Poisson regression. Companion analyses of cause-specific hospitalization that are likely to be influenced by dialysis facility practices including hospitalizations for heart failure and volume overload, access complications, or hyperkalemia were conducted.

Results The cohort included 150,642 patients. Of these, 12,985 (9%) were receiving care in nonprofit dialysis facilities. In adjusted models, patients receiving hemodialysis in for-profit facilities had a 15% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 13% to 18%) higher relative rate of hospitalization compared with those in nonprofit facilities. Among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, the rate of hospitalization in for-profit versus nonprofit facilities was not significantly different (relative rate, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.17). Patients on hemodialysis receiving care in for-profit dialysis facilities had a 37% (95% CI, 31% to 44%) higher rate of hospitalization for heart failure or volume overload and a 15% (95% CI, 11% to 20%) higher rate of hospitalization for vascular access complications.

Conclusions Hospitalization rates were significantly higher for patients receiving hemodialysis in for-profit compared with nonprofit dialysis facilities.

  • Received April 22, 2013.
  • Accepted August 13, 2013.
  • Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Nephrology
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Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 9 (1)
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 9, Issue 1
January 07, 2014
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Comparison of Hospitalization Rates among For-Profit and Nonprofit Dialysis Facilities
Lorien S. Dalrymple, Kirsten L. Johansen, Patrick S. Romano, Glenn M. Chertow, Yi Mu, Julie H. Ishida, Barbara Grimes, George A. Kaysen, Danh V. Nguyen
CJASN Jan 2014, 9 (1) 73-81; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04200413

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Comparison of Hospitalization Rates among For-Profit and Nonprofit Dialysis Facilities
Lorien S. Dalrymple, Kirsten L. Johansen, Patrick S. Romano, Glenn M. Chertow, Yi Mu, Julie H. Ishida, Barbara Grimes, George A. Kaysen, Danh V. Nguyen
CJASN Jan 2014, 9 (1) 73-81; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04200413
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