Article Figures & Data
Tables
1992 Through 1996 1997 Through 1998 1999 Through 2003 P-int OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] P Age group 0.21 15 to 19 1.27 [0.77 2.08] 0.83 [0.49 1.40] 0.79 [0.57 1.12] 20 to 24 1.31 [1.06 1.61] 0.97 [0.79 1.19] 0.85 [0.75 0.97] 25 to 29 1.18 [1.00 1.39] 0.96 [0.82 1.11] 0.97 [0.88 1.07] 30 to 34 1.20 [1.03 1.39] 1.09 [0.95 1.25] 1.01 [0.92 1.09] 35 to 39 1.27 [1.10 1.46] 1.09 [0.96 1.24] 1.02 [0.95 1.11] 40 to 44 1.16 [1.02 1.32] 1.05 [0.94 1.18] 0.98 [0.91 1.05] 45 to 49 1.09 [0.96 1.24] 1.04 [0.93 1.16] 1.05 [0.98 1.12] 50 to 54 1.00 1.00 1.00 55 to 59 0.99 [0.87 1.13] 0.86 [0.77 0.96] 0.87 [0.82 0.93] 60 to 64 0.98 [0.84 1.14] 0.88 [0.77 1.00] 0.89 [0.82 0.97] 0.005 0.002 <0.001 Gender 0.60 women 0.79 [0.73 0.85] 0.81 [0.76 0.87] 0.78 [0.74 0.81] men 1.00 1.00 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Race <0.001 white 1.00 1.00 1.00 black 0.62 [0.57 0.68] 0.69 [0.64 0.74] 0.75 [0.72 0.78] Asian 1.08 [0.90 1.29] 0.97 [0.82 1.14] 0.82 [0.74 0.90] Native American 1.00 [0.75 1.33] 0.93 [0.71 1.21] 0.99 [0.84 1.17] other 0.89 [0.59 1.36] 0.95 [0.68 1.34] 0.85 [0.73 0.98] Hispanic 0.65 [0.58 0.74] 0.67 [0.60 0.75] 0.68 [0.65 0.71] 0.76 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 ESRD cause – diabetes 1.00 1.00 1.00 HTN 0.99 [0.87 1.13] 1.04 [0.93 1.17] 1.02 [0.95 1.10] GN 1.23 [1.07 1.41] 1.25 [1.11 1.42] 1.22 [1.13 1.32] other 0.87 [0.76 1.01] 0.91 [0.80 1.03] 0.85 [0.78 0.92] cystic kidney 1.65 [1.36 2.01] 1.65 [1.38 1.98] 1.68 [1.50 1.87] other urologic 1.22 [0.92 1.60] 1.16 [0.89 1.52] 1.17 [1.00 1.38] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 GN, Glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertension; ESRD, End Stage Renal Disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; p-int, p interaction.
Condition 1992 Through 1996 1997 Through 1998 1999 Through 2003 P-int OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] P Inability to transfer 0.33 [0.15 0.69] 0.003 0.50 [0.25 0.99] 0.05 0.85 [0.54 1.34] 0.49 0.08 Alcohol 0.63 [0.47 0.85] 0.002 0.56 [0.43 0.74] <0.001 0.56 [0.47 0.67] <0.001 0.77 CVD 0.69 [0.55 0.86] <0.001 0.60 [0.50 0.72] <0.001 0.70 [0.62 0.79] <0.001 0.39 Drugs 0.69 [0.48 0.99] 0.04 0.73 [0.53 1.02] 0.06 0.73 [0.60 0.89] 0.001 0.96 Cancer 0.70 [0.56 0.88] 0.002 0.82 [0.67 1.00] 0.05 0.73 [0.65 0.81] <0.001 0.53 CHF 0.79 [0.71 0.88] <0.001 0.79 [0.72 0.87] <0.001 0.80 [0.76 0.85] <0.001 0.93 Tobacco 0.85 [0.74 0.98] 0.03 0.77 [0.96 0.88] <0.001 0.85 [0.79 0.93] <0.001 0.42 Pericarditis 0.86 [0.63 1.19] 0.38 0.99 [0.43 1.36] 0.95 0.97 [0.77 1.21] 0.77 0.81 Arrhythmia 0.87 [0.67 1.13] 0.29 1.22 [0.79 1.55] 0.10 0.88 [0.76 1.02] 0.09 0.06 Inability to ambulate 0.88 [0.59 1.31] 0.52 0.64 [0.43 0.97] 0.03 0.45 [0.35 0.58] <0.001 0.02 Ischemic heart disease 0.90 [0.78 1.04] 0.17 0.89 [0.79 1.01] 0.07 0.92 [0.85 0.99] 0.03 0.93 COPD 0.90 [0.70 1.15] 0.40 0.86 [0.69 1.07] 0.18 0.86 [0.75 0.98] 0.03 0.95 Cardiac arrest 0.98 [0.57 1.69] 0.96 0.64 [0.38 1.08] 0.09 0.55 [0.39 0.76] <0.001 0.19 Diabetes (no insulin) 0.98 [0.88 1.09] 0.72 1.05 [0.95 1.16] 0.32 1.02 [0.96 1.08] 0.56 0.64 PVD 0.99 [0.84 1.16] 0.87 0.84 [0.73 0.97] 0.01 0.94 [0.86 1.02] 0.15 0.28 Anemia 1.02 [0.93 1.12] 0.72 0.98 [0.90 1.06] 0.59 1.01 [0.99 1.02] 0.34 0.33 HTN 1.06 [0.97 1.14] 0.19 1.11 [1.03 1.20] 0.009 1.06 [1.00 1.11] 0.03 0.55 Diabetes (insulin) 1.07 [0.95 1.20] 0.24 1.00 [0.90 1.11] 0.99 0.94 [0.89 1.00] 0.05 0.13 MI 1.08 [0.88 1.33] 0.47 0.90 [0.75 1.07] 0.23 0.94 [0.84 1.05] 0.30 0.38 Predialysis EPO use 1.22 [1.12 1.32] <0.001 1.27 [1.18 1.37] <0.001 1.29 [1.23 1.35] <0.001 0.51 CVD, Coronary vascular disease; CHF, Congestive heart Failure; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; PVD, Peripheral vascular Disease; HTN, Hypertension; MI, Myocardial Infarction; EPO, Erythropoeitin; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; p-int, p interaction.
Employed (N, %) Unemployed (N, %) EPO use yes 19,482 (67%) 9496 (33%) no 41,439 (57%) 31,417 (43%) Primary type of dialysis CAPD 7983 (68%) 3725 (32%) CCPD 3692 (73%) 1389 (27%) hemodialysis 45,469 (57%) 34,631 (43%) IPD 50 (54%) 42 (46%) other 28 (78%) 8 (22%) Insurance type Medicaid yes 2561 (32%) 5473 (68%) no 58,505 (62%) 35,500 (38%) DVA yes 460 (53%) 416 (47%) no 60,604 (60%) 40,550 (40%) Medicare yes 4373 (56%) 3383 (44%) no 56,735 (60%) 37,612 (40%) employer group yes 42,325 (68%) 19,469 (32%) no 18,770 (47%) 21,504 (53%) other yes 11,684 (65%) 6266 (35%) no 49,425 (59%) 34,729 (41%) none yes 4960 (35%) 9412 (65%) no 56,149 (64%) 31,583 (36%) EPO, Erythropoeitin; CAPD, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CCPD, Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis; IPD, Intermittent peritoneal dialysis; DVA, Department of Veterans Affairs; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
1992 Through 1996 1997 Through 1998 1999 Through 2003 P-int OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] p OR [95% CI] P Dialysis setting 0.27 dialysis facility 1.00 1.00 1.00 home 0.98 [0.83 1.15] 0.80 [0.67 0.96] 1.01 [0.89 1.15] hospital inpatient 1.16 [1.02 1.33] 1.21 [1.06 1.38] 1.13 [1.01 1.26] 0.09 <0.001 0.08 Primary type of dialysis 0.24 HD 1.00 1.00 1.00 CAPD 1.27 [1.08 1.48] 1.54 1.30 1.82 1.40 [1.23 1.59] CCPD 1.37 [1.13 1.67] 2.04 1.66 2.52 1.61 [1.40 1.87] IPD 1.95 [0.82 4.60] 1.02 0.43 2.46 1.47 [0.64 3.37] other 2.13 [0.10 45.73] 0.00 – – 0.90 [0.13 6.10] 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 HD, Hemodialysis; CAPD, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CCPD, Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis; IPD, Intermittent peritoneal dialysis; OR, odds ratio CI, confidence interval; p-int, p interaction.
Insurance Type 1992 Through 1996 1997 Through 1998 1999 Through 2003 P P-int OR [95% CI] P OR [95% CI] P OR 95% CI Medicaid 0.40 [0.33 0.48] <0.001 0.43 [0.36 0.51] <0.001 0.39 0.35 0.43 <0.001 0.63 DVA 0.85 [0.58 1.23] 0.38 0.93 [0.65 1.34] 0.70 0.80 0.65 0.99 0.04 0.78 Medicare 0.98 [0.86 1.11] 0.76 0.91 [0.80 1.02] 0.11 0.81 0.74 0.88 <0.001 0.04 Employer group 1.73 [1.49 2.02] <0.001 1.94 [1.67 2.25] <0.001 1.51 1.36 1.67 <0.001 0.02 Other 1.27 [1.09 1.48] 0.003 1.49 [1.29 1.74] <0.001 1.36 1.23 1.50 <0.001 0.33 None 0.43 [0.36 0.51] <0.001 0.49 [0.41 0.58] <0.001 0.43 0.38 0.48 <0.001 0.40 DVA, Department of Veterans Affairs; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; p-int, p interaction.
Insurance Type 1992 Through 1996 1997 Through 1998 1999 Through 2003 N (%) P N (%) P N (%) P Medicaid yes 339 (19.73) 376 (21.40) 1208 (26.61) no 4496 (25.17) <0.001 5502 (25.85) <0.001 17030 (31.18) <0.001 Veterans Administration yes 35 (19.34) 47 (26.55) 164 (31.84) no 4797 (24.74) 0.093 5831 (25.50) 0.75 18074 (30.82) <0.001 Medicare yes 666 (29.18) 474 (24.22) 1132 (33.36) no 4193 (24.17) <0.001 5405 (25.63) 0.17 17108 (30.68) 0.001 Employer group yes 3203 (27.71) 3942 (28.55) 12407 (34.23) no 1643 (20.44) <0.001 1937 (20.97) <0.001 5833 (25.47) <0.001 Other yes 1015 (28.73) 1185 (29.09) 3433 (33.37) no 3844 (23.87) <0.001 4694 (24.74) <0.001 14807 (30.30) <0.001 None yes 332 (12.40) 390 (11.86) 1400 (16.67) no 4527 (26.70) <0.001 5489 (27.78) <0.001 16840 (33.18) <0.001
In this issue
Factors Affecting Employment at Initiation of Dialysis
