Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Relation between serum creatinine concentration and measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by renal inulin clearance.
- Figure 2.
Relation of measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by renal inulin clearance and estimated GFR (eGFR) by (A) Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and (B) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Trend line in bold; r2, variability coefficient.
- Figure 3.
Bland and Altman plots comparing measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by renal inulin clearance and estimated GFR (eGFR) by (A) Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and (B) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Bold lines define upper (+2 SD) and lower (−2 SD) limits of agreement; dashed lines represent mean difference between eGFR and inulin GFR.
Tables
Characteristic All Strata by mGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) ≥90 60 to 89.9 30 to 59.9 15 to 29.9 <15 ≥60 <60 n (%) 2208 807(37) 512(23) 484(22) 275(12) 130(6) 1319(60) 889(40) Age (yr) 46 ± 16 39 ± 13 48 ± 15 52 ± 16 52 ± 15 57 ± 16 42 ± 14 53 ± 16 Weight (kg) 70.6 ± 16.0 70.2 ± 15.3 70.9 ± 18.3 70.5 ± 14.8 71.0 ± 16.1 71.7 ± 15.1 70.5 ± 16.5 70.8 ± 15.3 Height (cm) 166 ± 10 167 ± 10 166 ± 10 166 ± 10 167 ± 10 166 ± 11 166 ± 10 166 ± 10 BSA (m2) 1.78 ± 0.21 1.78 ± 0.20 1.77 ± 0.22 1.78 ± 0.21 1.79 ± 0.22 1.79 ± 0.21 1.78 ± 0.21 1.78 ± 0.21 BMI (kg/m2) 25.5 ± 5.5 25.2 ± 5.5 25.9 ± 6.6 25.5 ± 4.8 25.5 ± 4.9 26.0 ± 5.4 25.5 ± 5.9 25.6 ± 4.9 SCr (mg/dl) 1.68 ± 1.34 0.90 ± 0.18 1.13 ± 0.29 1.74 ± 0.54 3.30 ± 1.22 4.98 ± 2.09 0.99 ± 0.25 2.70 ± 1.62 MGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) 72.4 ± 39.0 114.5 ± 17.7 75.5 ± 9.0 44.3 ± 8.3 21.9 ± 4.3 10.5 ± 3.1 99.4 ± 24.2 32.4 ± 15.0 CG (ml/min/1.73 m2) 68.9 ± 35.0 99.9 ± 23.1 75.4 ± 22.9 48.3 ± 16.3 26.8 ± 11.5 17.1 ± 6.7 90.4 ± 26.0 37.1 ± 18.7 MDRD (ml/min/1.73 m2) 62.6 ± 31.8 91.1 ± 19.8 69.4 ± 18.1 43.7 ± 14.6 22.2 ± 9.5 13.8 ± 5.5 82.7 ± 21.9 32.7 ± 17.3 ↵a Data presented as mean ± SD. mGFR, measured GFR (by renal inulin clearance); BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index; SCr, serum creatinine; CG, Cockcroft–Gault formula estimated GFR; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula estimated GFR.
mGFRb n Bias Precision Accuracy Total/Relative Total/Relative Within ±15% Within ±30% Within ±50% CGc MDRDd CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD ≥90 807 −14.6f/−11.7f −23.4f/−19.5f 24.4/20.9 21.8/17.8 41.4 29.9 80.9 68.7 98.4 98.3 60 to 89.9 512 −0.1/0 −6.1f/−7.8f 21.4/28.2 17.0/22.6 41.8 40.8 75.4 79.7 94.1 97.5 30 to 59.9 484 4.0f/9.8f −0.6/−0.7 14.6/32.9 13.0/28.7 39.5 37.6 68.8 73.4 88.6 94.8 15 to 29.9 275 4.9f/23.0f 0.4/1.6 10.5/48.8 8.3/38.2 26.9 32.4 54.9 56.0 78.2 87.6 <15 130 6.6e/78.0e 3.3f/42.0f 6.4/93.9 5.2/68.8 19.2 20.8 31.5 40.8 44.6 65.4 ≥60 1319 −9.0f/−7.2f −16.7f/−15.0f 24.3/24.7 21.7/20.6 41.6 34.1 78.8 72.9 96.7 98.0 <60 889 4.7f/23.9f 0.3/6.3f 12.5/56.0 10.9/42.5 32.6 33.5 59.1 63.2 79.0 88.3 Overall 2208 −3.5f/5.3f −9.8f/−6.4f 21.5/43.1 20.0/33.0 38.0 33.9 70.8 69.0 88.8 94.1 ↵a Bias defined as total (ml/min/1.73 m2) and relative (%) mean difference between estimated and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Precision defined as one SD of total and relative bias. Accuracy defined as percentage of GFR estimations within ±15, ±30, and ±50% range of respective GFR measurements.
↵b mGFR, measured GFR by renal inulin clearance in ml/min/1.73 m2.
↵c CG, Cockcroft-Gault formula estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2).
↵d MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2).
↵e P < 0.05.
↵f P < 0.001 (estimated versus mGFR).
mGFRb n Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 eGFR ≥90 eGFR 60 to 89.9 eGFR 30 to 59.9 eGFR 15 to 29.9 eGFR <15 CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD ≥90 807 64.4 49.1 33.8 47.8 1.7 3.1 0 0 0 0 60 to 89.9 512 20.9 12.9 52.9 55.9 26.0 31.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 30 to 59.9 484 1.9 0.6 17.6 10.5 70.9 72.9 9.7 15.9 0 0 15 to 29.9 275 0 0 2.5 0.0 25.5 19.6 61.8 53.5 10.2 26.9 <15 130 0 0 0 0 5.4 0 50.8 40.0 43.8 60.0 ↵a Data presented in %. K/DOQI, Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CG, Cockcroft-Gault formula; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate by renal inulin clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2); eGFR, estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) by CG or MDRD formula used for CKD classification (stages based on GFR levels alone). Values in bold represent percentage of properly classified estimates by either formula.
- Table 4.
Performance of the CG and MDRD formulas in the GFR groups according to K/DOQI-CKD classificationa
mGFR n Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD CG MDRD ≥90 807 64.4 49.1 91.7 95.1 81.8 85.2 81.7 76.4 60 to 89.9 512 52.9 55.9 78.5 74.2 42.6 39.6 84.7 84.8 30 to 59.9 484 70.9 72.9 87.0 86.2 60.5 59.7 91.4 91.9 15 to 29.9 275 61.8 53.5 94.1 93.3 59.9 53.1 94.5 93.4 <15 130 43.8 60.0 98.7 96.4 67.1 51.3 96.6 97.5 ↵a Data presented in %. CG, Cockcroft-Gault formula; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; K/DOQI, Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate by renal inulin clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2); PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
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