Racial Differences in Graft Survival: A Report from the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS)

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Figure 1.
Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to graft failure in patients with graft function >30 d after transplantation, by race.

Table 1.

Patient characteristics at the time of transplantation, by race^a

Characteristic	Race (n [%])		P
Characteristic	White (n = 4956)	Black (n = 1331)	P
Male	2987 (60.3)	820 (61.6)	0.37
Recipient age			<0.001
0 to 1	325 (6.6)	32 (2.4)
2 to 5	777 (15.7)	175 (13.2)
6 to 12	1721 (34.8)	394 (29.6)
>12	2128 (42.9)	730 (54.9)
Cause of ESRD			<0.001
aplasia/dysplasia/hypoplasia	845 (17.1)	181 (13.6)
obstructive uropathy	850 (17.2)	201 (15.1)
reflux nephropathy	316 (6.4)	17 (1.3)
FSGS	441 (8.9)	298 (22.4)
other	2504 (50.5)	634 (47.6)
Height SDS >0	537 (10.8)	226 (17.0)	<0.001
BMI SDS** >1.645	441 (8.9)	125 (9.4)	0.58
Transplant era 1996 to 2005	2127 (42.9)	642 (48.2)	<0.001
Preemptive transplant	1354 (27.3)	165 (12.4)	<0.001
>5 previous transfusions	843 (17.0)	211 (15.9)	0.32
Previous transplant	519 (10.5)	149 (11.2)	0.45

Table 2.

Transplant characteristics, by race^a

Characteristic	Race (n [%])		P
Characteristic	White	Black	P
Living donor	3086 (62.3)	516 (38.8)	<0.001
Donor age >50	235 (4.7)	56 (4.2)	0.41
Delayed graft function	302 (6.1)	190 (14.3)	<0.001
Day 30 eGFR <80	2404 (48.5)	824 (61.9)	<0.001
Antihypertensives at day 30	3786 (77.4)	1076 (83.1)	<0.001
Preoperative immunotherapy	1543 (31.1)	290 (21.8)	<0.001
Rejection within 30 d	1152 (23.2)	333 (25.0)	0.18
Immunotherapy in first 30 d
cyclosporine	3934 (79.4)	971 (73.0)	<0.001
tacrolimus	787 (15.9)	302 (22.7)	<0.001
azathioprine	3091 (62.4)	776 (58.3)	<0.001
mycophenolate mofetil	1349 (27.2)	430 (32.3)	<0.001

Table 3.

Effect of race on graft survival after 30 d adjusted for other risk factors^a

Characteristics	HR	CI	P (χ²)
Black race	1.65	1.46 to 1.86	<0.001
Deceased donor	1.13	0.99 to 1.28	0.070
Preemptive transplant	0.85	0.73 to 0.98	0.027
Age
2 to 5 versus 0 to 1	1.00	0.77 to 1.30	0.990
6 to 12 versus 0 to 1	1.25	0.97 to 1.60	0.087
>12 versus 0 to 1	1.47	1.13 to 1.90	0.004
No of days hospitalized in month 1	1.03	1.02 to 1.03	<0.001
Diagnosis (versus other)
obstructive uropathy	0.89	0.76 to 1.04	0.147
aplasia/dysplasia/hypoplasia	0.96	0.82 to 1.12	0.580
FSGS	1.27	1.09 to 1.48	0.002
reflux nephropathy	1.01	0.78 to 1.31	0.939
Delayed graft function	1.30	1.11 to 1.53	0.002
Day 30 eGFR >80	1.39	1.23 to 1.56	<0.001
Immunotherapy in first 30 d
cyclosporine	0.83	0.68 to 1.01	0.065
tacrolimus	0.76	0.56 to 1.01	0.062
azathioprine	1.23	1.05 to 1.43	0.010
mycophenolate mofetil	0.91	0.75 to 1.11	0.347
Rejection within 30 d	1.22	1.08 to 1.37	0.002
Male	0.83	0.75 to 0.93	0.001
>5 previous transfusions	1.37	1.21 to 1.55	<0.001
HLA-B match
1 versus 0	0.90	0.79 to 1.02	0.098
2 versus 0	0.73	0.59 to 0.90	0.003