Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Relationship among total kidney volume slopes and baseline log 10 kidney volumes, renal blood flows, iothalamate clearances, log 10 urine albumin excretions, serum uric acid levels, and urine sodium excretions.
- Figure 2.
Relationship among iothalamate clearance slopes and baseline log 10 kidney volumes, iothalamate clearances, renal blood flows, and renal vascular resistances.
Tables
Parameter Baseline Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 BMI 25.67 ± 0.45 25.93 ± 0.44 26.08 ± 0.45 26.41 ± 0.48c,d MAP (mmHg) 96.3 ± 0.9 93.6 ± 0.9c 92.5 ± 0.9c 93.3 ± 1.1c Log 10 TKV (ml) 2.95 ± 0.02 2.97 ± 0.02c 3.00 ± 0.02c,d 3.01 ± 0.02c,d,e Log 10 TCV (ml) 2.50 ± 0.04 2.57 ± 0.04c 2.61 ± 0.04c,d 2.66 ± 0.04c,d,e RBF (ml/min per 1.73 m2)b 736.8 ± 20.2 683.6 ± 16.0c 644.4 ± 17.7c,d 602.6 ± 23.0c,d,e RVR (dynes s/cm−5)b 11,552 ± 368 11,788 ± 339 12,606 ± 414c,d 13,391 ± 588c,d GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) 98.7 ± 2.0 98.7 ± 2.1 99.2 ± 2.4 95.9 ± 2.4 RPF (ml/min per 1.73 m2)b 446.5 ± 12.0 419.8 ± 9.2c 394.2 ± 11.0c,d 359.8 ± 13.4c,d Log 10 FF (%)b −0.648 ± 0.010 −0.633 ± 0.010 −0.598 ± 0.012c,d −0.575 ± 0.012c,d Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 1.00 ± 0.02 0.99 ± 0.02 1.01 ± 0.02 1.04 ± 0.02c,d,e MDRD GFR 85.2 ± 2.24 84.8 ± 2.0 83.4 ± 2.2 79.9 ± 2.0c,d,e Serum uric acid (mg/dl) 5.02 ± 0.12 5.01 ± 0.12 5.19 ± 0.13c,d 5.38 ± 0.14c,d,e Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 47.8 ± 1.1 42.7 ± 1.0c 42.7 ± 1.0c 42.7 ± 1.1c Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 101.2 ± 2.8 100.1 ± 2.1 100.0 ± 2.5 100.0 ± 2.6 Urine volume (ml/d) 2427 ± 96 2797 ± 90c 2730 ± 95c 2768 ± 99c UNaE (mEq/d) 182.3 ± 6.9 190.0 ± 6.7 190.2 ± 6.7 181.3 ± 6.3 Log 10 UAE (mg/d) 1.38 ± 0.04 1.34 ± 0.04 1.36 ± 0.04 1.45 ± 0.05d,e Protein intake (g/d) 71.7 ± 2.0 72.9 ± 2.1 75.7 ± 2.0c 75.6 ± 2.1c ↵a Data are means ± SEM. BMI, body mass index; FF, filtration fraction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; RBF, renal blood flow; RPF, renal plasma flow; RVR, renal vascular resistance; TKC, total cyst volume; TKV, total kidney volume; UAE, urinary albumin excretion; UNaE, urinary sodium excretion.
↵b Year 3 RBF, RPF, FF, and RVR values and statistical comparisons with baseline, year 1, and year 2 include only patients who were studied at the Mayo Clinic.
P < 0.05 versus
↵c baseline,
↵d year 1, and
↵e year 2 values.
- Table 2.
Pearson correlation coefficients among baseline clinical, radiologic, or laboratory parameters and the slopes of log 10 TKV, log 10 TCV, measured GFR or estimated MDRD GFR
Parameter Log 10 TKV Slope Log 10 TCV Slope GFR Slope MDRD GFR Slope r P r P r P r P Age 0.22 0.018 0.25 0.006 −0.08 NS 0.14 NS BMI 0.19 0.042 0.17 NS −0.05 NS 0.30 0.001 MAP 0.18 0.053 0.21 0.021 −0.24 0.010 −0.08 NS Log 10 TKV 0.69 <0.001 0.73 <0.001 −0.40 <0.001 −0.05 NS Log 10 TCV 0.64 <0.001 0.65 <0.001 −0.38 <0.001 −0.06 NS GFR −0.18 0.052 −0.17 NS −0.28 0.002 −0.08 NS RBF −0.30 <0.001 −0.33 <0.001 0.24 0.009 0.15 NS RVR 0.37 <0.001 0.41 <0.001 −0.30 0.001 −0.13 NS MDRD GFR −0.26 0.004 −0.25 0.006 0.06 NS −0.39 <0.001 Serum uric acid 0.34 <0.001 0.33 <0.001 −0.07 NS 0.13 NS Serum HDL cholesterol −0.18 0.051 −0.14 NS −0.06 NS −0.20 0.028 Serum LDL cholesterol 0.09 NS 0.04 NS −0.09 NS 0.12 NS Urine volume 0.17 NS 0.14 NS −0.04 NS 0.07 NS UNaE 0.30 0.001 0.26 0.005 −0.05 NS 0.08 NS UAE 0.33 <0.001 0.31 0.001 −0.01 NS −0.10 NS Protein intake 0.16 NS 0.14 NS −0.01 NS 0.20 0.027 - Table 3.
Regression model predicting structural disease progression (TKV) from baseline parameters
Parameter TKV Slope (R2; ml/yr) 0.58 0.40 ba SE P ba SE P Male gender 1.0 14.3 NS −8.0 17.0 NS Age (yr) −0.58 0.68 NS 0.69 0.78 NS BMI 0.14 1.04 NS 0.41 1.23 NS Hypertension 2.8 10.9 NS 22.1 12.5 NS MAP (mmHg) −0.59 0.46 NS −0.28 0.54 NS Log 10 TKV (ml) 168 25 <0.001 — — — GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) 0.35 0.25 NS 0.35 0.29 NS RBF (ml/min per 1.73 m2) −0.06 0.03 0.038 −0.09 0.03 0.004 Serum uric acid (mg/dl) 4.56 5.49 NS 7.97 6.51 NS Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) −0.51 0.47 NS −0.67 0.56 NS Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 0.12 0.14 NS 0.11 0.17 NS Urine volume (L) 2.40 4.74 NS 0.6 5.6 NS UNaE (mEq/24 h) 0.18 0.08 0.023 0.26 0.09 0.005 Log 10 UAE (mg/24 h) 12.2 11.9 NS 46.7 12.8 <0.001 Protein intake (g/24 h) −0.22 0.29 NS −0.07 0.34 NS ↵a Slopes per unit change in baseline parameters. For example, a lower baseline RBF by 100 ml/min per 1.73 m2 predicts a steeper increase in the slope of TKV by 6 (with TKV included as a regressor) or 9 ml/yr (without TKV included as a regressor).
- Table 4.
Regression models predicting functional disease progression (GFR) from baseline parameters
Parameter GFR Slope (R2; ml/min per 1.73 m2 per yr) 0.55 0.28 ba SE P ba SE P Male gender 0.80 2.17 NS 0.86 2.71 NS Age (yr) 0.09 0.10 NS 0.29 0.12 0.021 BMI 0.18 0.16 NS 0.12 0.20 NS Hypertension −0.62 1.65 NS −0.83 2.06 NS MAP (mmHg) −0.07 0.07 NS −0.12 0.09 NS Log 10 TKV (mL) −20.8 3.9 <0.001 −20.8 4.8 <0.001 GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) −0.28 0.04 <0.001 — — — RBF (ml/min per 1.73 m2) 0.02 0.00 <0.001 0.01 0.00 NS Serum uric acid (mg/dl) −0.67 0.83 NS 0.38 1.02 NS Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) −0.05 0.07 NS −0.08 0.09 NS Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) −0.03 0.02 NS −0.04 0.03 NS Urine volume (L) −0.35 0.72 NS 0.17 0.89 NS UNaE (mEq/24 h) −0.00 0.01 NS −0.01 0.01 NS Log 10 UAE (mg/24 h) 5.07 1.81 0.006 5.84 2.25 0.011 Protein intake (g/24 h) 0.03 0.04 NS 0.02 0.05 NS ↵a Slopes per unit change in baseline parameters.
- Table 5.
Regression model predicting RBF slopes from parameters at baseline or averaged during the whole period of observation (baseline through year 3)
Parameter RBF Slope (R2; ml/min per 1.73 m2 per yr) 0.22 0.20 ba SE P bb SE P Male gender −22.2 24.2 NS −28.7 24.9 NS Age (yr) 1.39 1.14 NS 1.56 1.21 NS BMI 1.38 1.75 NS 0.05 1.88 NS Hypertension −40.3 18.3 0.030 −34.3 18.3 NS MAP (mmHg) 1.12 0.77 NS 1.18 1.00 NS Log 10 TKV (ml) −27.9 42.3 NS −68.0 52.3 NS GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) −0.0.56 0.38 NS −0.62 0.47 NS Serum uric acid (mg/dl) 20.3 9.1 0.027 17.5 9.4 NS Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 1.64 0.75 0.031 2.11 085 0.015 Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) −0.39 0.24 NS −0.28 0.31 NS Urine volume (L) −7.3 8.0 NS −12.8 8.7 NS UNaE (mEq/24 h) −0.15 0.13 NS −0.10 0.19 NS Log 10 UAE (mg/24 h) 38.0 20.2 NS 46.3 29.4 NS Protein intake (g/24 h) 0.41 0.47 NS 0.81 0.69 NS
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