Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Published Ahead of Print
    • Current Issue
    • Podcasts
    • Subject Collections
    • Archives
    • Kidney Week Abstracts
    • Saved Searches
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Resources
  • Trainees
    • Peer Review Program
    • Prize Competition
  • About CJASN
    • About CJASN
    • Editorial Team
    • CJASN Impact
    • CJASN Recognitions
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Advertising
    • Feedback
    • Reprint Information
    • Subscriptions
  • ASN Kidney News
  • Other
    • ASN Publications
    • JASN
    • Kidney360
    • Kidney News Online
    • American Society of Nephrology

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
American Society of Nephrology
  • Other
    • ASN Publications
    • JASN
    • Kidney360
    • Kidney News Online
    • American Society of Nephrology
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Advertisement
American Society of Nephrology

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Published Ahead of Print
    • Current Issue
    • Podcasts
    • Subject Collections
    • Archives
    • Kidney Week Abstracts
    • Saved Searches
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Resources
  • Trainees
    • Peer Review Program
    • Prize Competition
  • About CJASN
    • About CJASN
    • Editorial Team
    • CJASN Impact
    • CJASN Recognitions
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Advertising
    • Feedback
    • Reprint Information
    • Subscriptions
  • ASN Kidney News
  • Visit ASN on Facebook
  • Follow CJASN on Twitter
  • CJASN RSS
  • Community Forum
Original ArticleClinical Nephrology
You have accessRestricted Access

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Kidney Disease and Elevated BP in 2-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Premature

Sangeeta Hingorani, Robert Schmicker, Kaashif A. Ahmad, Ivan D. Frantz, Dennis E. Mayock, Edmund F. La Gamma, Mariana Baserga, Janine Y. Khan, Maureen M. Gilmore, Tonya Robinson, Patrick Brophy, Patrick J. Heagerty, Sandra E. Juul, Stuart Goldstein and David Askenazi; for the PENUT Trial Consortium
CJASN August 2022, 17 (8) 1129-1138; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.15011121
Sangeeta Hingorani
1Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robert Schmicker
2Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kaashif A. Ahmad
3University of Houston, College of Medicine and Gulf Coast Neonatology, Houston, Texas
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ivan D. Frantz
4Division of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dennis E. Mayock
5Division of Neonatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Edmund F. La Gamma
6Division of Newborn Medicine, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital Westchester Medical Center New York Medical College Valhalla, Valhalla, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mariana Baserga
7Division of Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Janine Y. Khan
8Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Maureen M. Gilmore
9Neonatology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tonya Robinson
10Division of Neonatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Patrick Brophy
11Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Patrick J. Heagerty
2Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Patrick J. Heagerty
Sandra E. Juul
5Division of Neonatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Stuart Goldstein
12Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Stuart Goldstein
David Askenazi
13Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data Supps
  • Info & Metrics
  • View PDF
Loading

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

Visual Abstract

Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint

Abstract

Background and objectives Extremely low gestational age neonates born <28 weeks gestation are at risk for chronic disease. We sought to describe the prevalence of kidney outcomes by gestational age and determine risk factors for their development.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements The Recombinant Erythropoietin for Protection of Infant Renal Disease (REPAIReD) study examined kidney outcomes of extremely low gestational age neonates enrolled in the Preterm Epo NeuroProtection Trial (PENUT) study. Kidney function, urine albumin, and BP were measured at 2-year (24±2 months) corrected gestational age. We compared outcomes across gestational age categories and evaluated associations between kidney-related outcomes and neonatal and maternal characteristics. The primary outcome was eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (CKD); secondary outcomes were spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g (albuminuria) and either systolic BP or diastolic BP >90th percentile for height, age, and sex.

Results A total of 832 survived to 2 years, and 565 (68%) had at least one outcome measured. Overall, 297 (53%) had one abnormal kidney outcome; 61 (18%) had an eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 155 (36%) had albuminuria, 65 (22%) had elevated systolic BP, and 128 (44%) had elevated diastolic BP. Gestational age (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99), birth weight z-score (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.98), and prenatal steroids (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.39) were associated with an eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2. An elevated systolic BP was associated with indomethacin use (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.33) and Black race (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.39); elevated diastolic BP was associated with male sex (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.49), severe AKI (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.48), and indomethacin use (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.33).

Conclusions Approximately 18% of extremely low gestational age neonates have CKD, 36% have albuminuria, 22% have an elevated systolic BP, and 44% have an elevated diastolic BP at 2 years of age. Gestational age, birthweight z-score, and prenatal steroids were associated with CKD. Male sex, Black race, indomethacin use, and severe AKI were associated with elevated BP.

Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_07_19_CJN15011121.mp3

  • albuminuria
  • chronic kidney disease
  • hypertension
  • systolic blood pressure
  • prematurity
  • epidemiology and outcomes
  • children
  • blood pressure
  • Received November 17, 2021.
  • Accepted May 27, 2022.
  • Copyright © 2022 by the American Society of Nephrology
View Full Text

If you are:

  • an ASN member, select the "ASN Member" login button. 
  • an individual subscriber, login with you User Name and Password.
  • an Institutional user, select the Institution option where you will be presented with a list of Shibboleth federations. If you do not see your federation, contact publications@asn-online.org. 

ASN MEMBER LOGIN

ASN MEMBER LOGIN

Log in using your username and password

Forgot your user name or password?

Log in through your institution

You may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution. Contact your library if you do not have a username and password.

Purchase access

Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$34.00

In order to get access to the article, you must have an account.  If you have an account, enter your user name and password into the boxes above. If you do not have an account, follow the instructions below to create one.  Once you have purchased the article, you will have access to it for 24 hours.  

Steps for Creating an Account:

Click the "Purchase Access" button.  The page will redisplay with the following message at the top of the screen which contains the link to register for an account.

When you create an account, you will be asked for your name, email address and other information.  Just like commercial web sites, we do need details from you in order to complete your purchase of an article.  

You will then be asked to register a user name, email address and you will need to create a password that is at least eight characters in length. You do not need an ASN Member number to complete the form. As you move through the registration page, you will have to verify you are a person by completing a Captcha request.   Lastly, your first and last name will be required. 

Once your information is successfully saved, the system will redisplay the home page of the journal.  From there, navigate back to the article to purchase.  Select the article and at the bottom of the page, use the credentials you just created to login. The article will be added to your shopping cart.  You can continue to navigate across JASN and CJASN adding to your cart from both journals. When you are ready to complete your purchse, select the Shopping Cart from the upper right hand corner of the page and follow the onscreen instructions. 

PreviousNext
Back to top

Podcast

Subscribe to podcast
Download MP3

In this issue

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 17 (8)
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 17, Issue 8
August 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • About the Cover
  • Index by author
View Selected Citations (0)
Print
Download PDF
Sign up for Alerts
Email Article
Thank you for your help in sharing the high-quality science in CJASN.
Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Kidney Disease and Elevated BP in 2-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Premature
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Society of Nephrology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Society of Nephrology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Kidney Disease and Elevated BP in 2-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Premature
Sangeeta Hingorani, Robert Schmicker, Kaashif A. Ahmad, Ivan D. Frantz, Dennis E. Mayock, Edmund F. La Gamma, Mariana Baserga, Janine Y. Khan, Maureen M. Gilmore, Tonya Robinson, Patrick Brophy, Patrick J. Heagerty, Sandra E. Juul, Stuart Goldstein, David Askenazi
CJASN Aug 2022, 17 (8) 1129-1138; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.15011121

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Request Permissions
Share
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Kidney Disease and Elevated BP in 2-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Premature
Sangeeta Hingorani, Robert Schmicker, Kaashif A. Ahmad, Ivan D. Frantz, Dennis E. Mayock, Edmund F. La Gamma, Mariana Baserga, Janine Y. Khan, Maureen M. Gilmore, Tonya Robinson, Patrick Brophy, Patrick J. Heagerty, Sandra E. Juul, Stuart Goldstein, David Askenazi
CJASN Aug 2022, 17 (8) 1129-1138; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.15011121
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Visual Abstract
    • Abstract
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Disclosures
    • Funding
    • Acknowledgments
    • Author Contributions
    • Supplemental Material
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data Supps
  • Info & Metrics
  • View PDF

More in this TOC Section

Original Article

  • Three Times Weekly Dosing of Daprodustat versus Conventional Epoetin for Treatment of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients
  • Short- and Long-Term Progression of Kidney Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Low-Grade Proteinuria
  • Quality of Life before and after the Start of Dialysis in Older Patients
Show more Original Article

Clinical Nephrology

  • Short-Term Changes in Serum Potassium and the Risk of Subsequent Vascular Events and Mortality
  • Evaluation of Conflicts of Interest among Participants of the Japanese Nephrology Clinical Practice Guideline
  • Provider Perspectives and Clinical Outcomes with Inpatient Telenephrology
Show more Clinical Nephrology

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Keywords

  • albuminuria
  • chronic kidney disease
  • hypertension
  • systolic blood pressure
  • prematurity
  • epidemiology and outcomes
  • children
  • blood pressure

Articles

  • Current Issue
  • Early Access
  • Subject Collections
  • Article Archive
  • ASN Meeting Abstracts

Information for Authors

  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Trainee of the Year
  • Author Resources
  • ASN Journal Policies
  • Reuse/Reprint Policy

About

  • CJASN
  • ASN
  • ASN Journals
  • ASN Kidney News

Journal Information

  • About CJASN
  • CJASN Email Alerts
  • CJASN Key Impact Information
  • CJASN Podcasts
  • CJASN RSS Feeds
  • Editorial Board

More Information

  • Advertise
  • ASN Podcasts
  • ASN Publications
  • Become an ASN Member
  • Feedback
  • Follow on Twitter
  • Subscribe to ASN Journals
  • Wolters Kluwer Partnership

© 2022 American Society of Nephrology

Print ISSN - 1555-9041 Online ISSN - 1555-905X

Powered by HighWire