Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Participant flow chart: Number of patients in participating centers, individuals approached for participation, and individuals who participated in the survey. *Home dialysis incompletions were not recorded (home dialysis includes peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis); #non-California = Texas and Tennessee.
- Figure 2.
Participants indicated they used or intended to use mobile health for a variety of tasks related to health management.
- Figure 3.
Unadjusted associations are shown between participant characteristics and mobile health proficiency. n=949 except for age group (three missing), sex (31 missing), ethnicity (nine missing), race (27 missing), and educational level (seven missing). 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Ref, reference.
- Figure 4.
Multivariable associations are shown between participant characteristics and mobile health proficiency. Complete patient analysis, n=891. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Ref, reference.
Tables
Characteristic Overall (%) In-Center Hemodialysis (%) Home Dialysis (%) No. of participants (row %) 949 (100) 632 (67) 317 (33) California 770 (81) 510 (81) 260 (82) Age group, yr Under 45 146 (15) 80 (13) 66 (21) 45–60 305 (32) 191 (30) 114 (36) 61–70 241 (26) 180 (29) 61 (19) Over 70 254 (27) 181 (29) 73 (23) Women 348 (37) 230 (36) 118 (37) Hispanic or Latinx = yes (“no” group not shown) 302 (32) 216 (34) 86 (27) Black = yes (“no” group not shown) 181 (19) 119 (19) 62 (20) Primary spoken languagea English 758 (80) 515 (82) 243 (77) Spanish 150 (16) 110 (17) 40 (13) Other 77 (8) 39 (6) 38 (12) Insurance coverageb Medicare 661 (70) 445 (70) 216 (68) Medicaid 177 (19) 129 (20) 48 (15) Commercial 288 (30) 209 (33) 79 (25) Education Less than high school diploma 140 (15) 109 (17) 31 (10) High school diploma 261 (28) 185 (29) 76 (24) Some college or more 541 (57) 337 (53) 204 (64) Currently employed or student = yes (“no” group not shown) 171 (18) 72 (11) 99 (31) ↵a Percentages do not add up to 100% as some patients reported more than one primary spoken language.
↵b Percentages do not add up to 100% as some patients have more than one type of coverage. n (column percentage) is shown except for number of participants, where percentage is row percentage. Number of missing values: age group, three; sex, 31; ethnicity, nine; race, 27; and educational level, seven.
Characteristic Overall In-Center Hemodialysis Home Dialysis Internet use (yes)a 686 (72%) 426 (68%) 260 (83%) Frequency of internet useb Daily 505 (74%) 298 (70%) 207 (80%) More than once weekly 112 (16%) 84 (20%) 28 (11%) Less often 62 (9%) 44 (10%) 18 (7%) Requires assistance to use the internet (yes) 73 (11%) 50 (12%) 23 (9%) Reason for not using the internet,c n 263 206 57 Don’t know how 100 (38%) 83 (40%) 17 (30%) Don’t want to 116 (44%) 91 (44%) 25 (44%) No internet-capable device 28 (11%) 21 (10%) 7 (12%) No internet access 26 (10%) 19 (9%) 7 (12%) Other 14 (5%) 13 (6%) 1 (2%) Device availabilitya Smartphone 764 (81%) 513 (81%) 251 (79%) Tablet 481 (51%) 320 (51%) 161 (51%) Laptop 489 (52%) 321 (51%) 168 (53%) Desktop 357 (38%) 227 (36%) 130 (41%) Wearable 94 (10%) 61 (10%) 33 (10%) None 78 (8%) 65 (10%) 13 (4%) Technological readiness 667 (70%) 421 (67%) 246 (78%) ↵a Percentages in this section are from all respondents.
↵b Percentages in this section are from those who reported using the internet.
↵c Percentages in this section are from those who reported not using the internet. N (column percentage) is shown except for internet use (yes), where percentage is row percentage. Number of missing values: internet use, three; frequency of use, ten; need for assistance, ten; and other variables, zero.
Characteristic Overall (%) In-Center Hemodialysis (%) Home Dialysis (%) Level of proficiency None or basic 289 (30) 216 (34) 73 (23) Intermediate or advanced 660 (70) 416 (66) 244 (77)
Supplemental Data
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