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Original ArticlesMaintenance Dialysis
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Mortality and Recovery Associated with Kidney Failure due to Acute Kidney Injury

Silvi Shah, Anthony C. Leonard, Kathleen Harrison, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Annette L. Christianson and Charuhas V. Thakar
CJASN July 2020, 15 (7) 995-1006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11200919
Silvi Shah
1Division of Nephrology Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Anthony C. Leonard
2Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kathleen Harrison
1Division of Nephrology Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Karthikeyan Meganathan
3Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Annette L. Christianson
3Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Charuhas V. Thakar
1Division of Nephrology Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
4Division of Nephrology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract

Background and objectives AKI requiring dialysis is a contributor to the growing burden of kidney failure, yet little is known about the frequency and patterns of recovery of AKI and its effect on outcomes in patients on incident dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements Using the US Renal Data System, we evaluated a cohort of 1,045,540 patients on incident dialysis from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2014, retrospectively. We examined the association of kidney failure due to AKI with the outcome of all-cause mortality and the associations of sex and race with kidney recovery.

Results Mean age was 63±15 years, and 32,598 (3%) patients on incident dialysis had kidney failure due to AKI. Compared with kidney failure due to diabetes mellitus, kidney failure attributed to AKI was associated with a higher mortality in the first 0–3 months following dialysis initiation (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.32) and 3–6 months (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.20). Of the patients with kidney failure due to AKI, 11,498 (35%) eventually recovered their kidney function, 95% of those within 12 months. Women had a lower likelihood of kidney recovery than men (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.90). Compared with whites, blacks (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.72), Asians (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.96), Hispanics (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.89), and Native Americans (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.95) had lower likelihoods of kidney recovery.

Conclusions Kidney failure due to AKI confers a higher risk of mortality in the first 6 months compared with kidney failure due to diabetes or other causes. Recovery within 12 months is common, although less so among women than men and among black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American patients than white patients.

  • acute renal failure
  • renal recovery
  • ESKD
  • mortality
  • race
  • sex
  • dialysis
  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • kidney
  • Hispanic Americans
  • Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  • diabetes mellitus
  • Received September 16, 2019.
  • Accepted May 22, 2020.
  • Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Nephrology
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Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 15 (7)
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 15, Issue 7
July 01, 2020
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Mortality and Recovery Associated with Kidney Failure due to Acute Kidney Injury
Silvi Shah, Anthony C. Leonard, Kathleen Harrison, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Annette L. Christianson, Charuhas V. Thakar
CJASN Jul 2020, 15 (7) 995-1006; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.11200919

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Mortality and Recovery Associated with Kidney Failure due to Acute Kidney Injury
Silvi Shah, Anthony C. Leonard, Kathleen Harrison, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Annette L. Christianson, Charuhas V. Thakar
CJASN Jul 2020, 15 (7) 995-1006; DOI: 10.2215/CJN.11200919
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Keywords

  • acute renal failure
  • renal recovery
  • ESKD
  • mortality
  • race
  • sex
  • dialysis
  • acute kidney injury
  • kidney
  • Hispanic Americans
  • Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  • diabetes mellitus

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