Protocol Transplant Biopsies in Kidney Allografts: Why and When Are They Indicated?

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Recommendations for protocol biopsies^a

Recommendation	Allograft Patient Population
Standard practice
postimplantation	All recipients
weekly	All recipients with persistent DGF
within 3 mo	All highly sensitized/at-risk patients (unless clinical rejection has occurred)
at time of detection	Any recipient with significantly increased urine or plasma markers of PPV
Strongly recommended
6 to 12 mo	Recipients with high CNI exposure, H/O toxicity
6 to 12 mo	Recipients with H/O prolonged DGF, rejection
Recommended for study (with interventional trials)
1 to 3 mo	All recipients
6 to 12 mo	All recipients