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Clinical Outcomes of Dialysis Catheter–Related Candidemia in Hemodialysis Patients

Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Correspondence: Dr. Michael Allon, Division of Nephrology, PB, Room 226, 728 Richard Arrington Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233. Phone: 205-975-9676; Fax: 205-975-8879; E-mail mdallon{at}uab.edu

Background and objectives: Candidemia is a rare complication in catheter-dependent hemodialysis patients. As a result, there is uncertainty about its optimal medical management. The goal of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcomes of catheter-related candidemia managed with two different strategies: Guidewire exchange of the infected catheter versus removal with delayed replacement.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements: We retrospectively queried a prospective, computerized vascular access database to identify 40 hemodialysis patients with catheter-related candidemia. All patients underwent treatment with antifungal medications for 2 wk, in conjunction with guidewire catheter exchange or catheter removal with delayed replacement. The primary outcomes were major complications, recurrent candidemia, and patient survival.

Results: Candidemia represented approximately 2% of all cases of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Of the 40 patients with candidemia, 27 underwent guidewire catheter exchange and 13 had prompt catheter removal with delayed replacement. The two treatment groups were similar in demographic, clinical, and catheter characteristics. Only 1 (2.5%) patient developed a serious complication (endophthalmitis). Recurrence of candidemia within 3 mo was observed in 15% of each treatment group. Patient survival at 6 mo was similar in both groups.

Conclusions: Catheter-related candidemia is rare in hemodialysis patients and has a low complication rate. Catheter exchange over a guidewire in conjunction with antifungal therapy is an effective and safe treatment regimen.